Scientists simulate Saturn's core ultra-high pressure to easily crush the hardest diamonds

This experiment is equivalent to "putting" the diamond into the core of Saturn. Scientists can observe the diamonds that are "squeezed" and enhance the understanding of the outer core. (Data map)

The academic journal Nature reported on July 16 that scientists used 176 lasers to simulate the super-high pressure of the Saturn's core, concentrating on the hardest material on the earth, the diamond, to easily crush it.

Scientists in the United States National Ignition (NIF) laser concentrated a few square millimeters of diamonds, forming an ultra-high pressure equivalent to Saturn's core, about 14 times the core pressure. Diamonds are crushed to an unprecedented density.

Human beings are busy exploring aliens, while planets such as Saturn have greater gravitational pull and higher core pressure, which may affect material structure. This experiment is equivalent to "putting" the diamond into the core of Saturn. Scientists can observe the diamonds that are "squeezed" and enhance the understanding of the outer core.

There are 198 laser emitters in the US national ignition device. In this experiment, 176 of them were used, emitting 760,000 joules of energy, and induced pressure waves inside the diamond to form 5 MPa (50 million Pascals) - equivalent to Saturn. The core - the ultra-high pressure, used to crush diamonds and observe changes.

Dr. Ray Smith, the first author of the paper, said: "We don't know what the Jupiter and Saturn cores look like, but we have the opportunity to study the conditions at this extreme pressure and temperature for the first time. Our experiments can simulate those inside and outside the solar system. The inner environment of the huge planet...and the diamonds – the most difficult to compress substances on Earth – are still compressed to unprecedented density.”

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